# Nearly $\theta$-supercompact cardinals

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The near $\theta$-supercompactness hierarchy of cardinals was introduced by Jason Schanker in [1] and [2]. The hierarchy stratifies the $\theta$-supercompactness hierarchy in the sense that every $\theta$-supercompact cardinal is nearly $\theta$-supercompact, and every nearly $2^{\theta^{{<}\kappa}}$-supercompact cardinal $\kappa$ is $\theta$-supercompact. However, these cardinals can be very different. For example, relative to the existence of a supercompact cardinal $\kappa$ with an inaccessible cardinal $\theta$ above it, we can force to destroy $\kappa$'s measurability while still retaining its near $\theta$-supercompactness and the weak inaccessibility of $\theta$. Yet, if $\theta^{{<}\kappa} = \theta$ and $\kappa$ is $\theta$-supercompact, we can also force to preserve $\kappa$'s $\theta$-supercompactness while destroying any potential near $\theta^+$-supercompactness without collapsing cardinals below $\theta^{++}$. Assuming that $\theta^{{<}\kappa} = \theta$, nearly $\theta$-supercompact cardinals $\kappa$ exhibit a hybrid of weak compactness and supercompactness in that the witnessing embeddings are between $\text{ZFC}^-$ ($\text{ZFC}$ minus the powerset axiom) models of size $\theta$ but are generated by "partially normal" fine filters on $\mathcal{P}_{\kappa}(\theta$). Weakly compact cardinals $\kappa$ are nearly $\kappa$-supercompact.

## Formal definition

A cardinal $\kappa$ is nearly $\theta$-supercompact if and only if for every $A\subseteq\theta$, there exists a transitive $M \vDash ZFC^{-}$ closed under ${<}\kappa$ sequences with $A, \kappa, \theta \in M$, a transitive $N$, and an elementary embedding $j: M \rightarrow N$ with critical point $\kappa$ such that $j(\kappa) > \theta$ and $j''\theta \in N$. A cardinal is nearly supercompact if it is nearly $\theta$-supercompact for all $\theta$.

## Characterizations of near $\theta$-supercompactness

If $\theta^{{<}\kappa} = \theta$, then the following are equivalent characterizations for the near $\theta$-supercompactness of $\kappa$:

Embedding
For every ${<}\kappa$-closed transitive set $M$ of size $\theta$ with $\theta \in M$, there exists a transitive $N$ and an elementary embedding $j: M \rightarrow N$ with critical point $\kappa$ such that $j(\kappa) > \theta$ and $j''\theta \in N$.
Normal Embedding
Normal ZFC Embedding
Normal Fine Filter
For every family of subsets $\mathcal{A} \subset \mathcal{P}_\kappa(\theta)$ of size at most $\theta$ and every collection $\mathcal{F}$ of at most $\theta$ many functions from $\mathcal{P}_{\kappa}(\theta)$ into $\theta$, there exists a $\kappa$-complete fine filter $F$ on $\mathcal{P}_{\kappa}(\theta)$, which is $\mathcal{F}$-normal in the sense that for every $f \in \mathcal{F}$ that's regressive on some set in $F$, there exists $\alpha_f < \theta$ for which $\{\sigma \in \mathcal{P}_{\kappa}(\theta)| f(\sigma) = \alpha_f\} \in F$.
Hauser Embedding

## References

1. Schanker, Jason A. Partial near supercompactness. Ann Pure Appl Logic , 2012. (In Press.) www   DOI   bibtex
2. Schanker, Jason A. Weakly measurable cardinals and partial near supercompactness. Ph.D. Thesis, CUNY Graduate Center, 2011. bibtex
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